| ss="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">For a | | | | that porcelain is less porous, has lower factor of |
| long time our ancestors were not concerned a lot | | | | water absorption, and accordingly, absorbs dirt and |
| with questions of sanitary and hygiene: in the | | | | smells less. |
| European cities slops and sewage were thrown out | | | | Structurally toilet sinks differ by their connection to |
| of the windows directly on the street, and even in | | | | the water flush (and it is important when choosing a |
| the XVIII century balconies of palaces and | | | | toilet sink model for your flat): there are toilet sinks |
| neighboring bushes often served in Versailles as a | | | | with vertical flush (into a floor) and horizontal or |
| place to ease oneself. | | | | slanting one (into a wall). Toilet sinks with tanks, as |
| It is possible to consider the ancestor of toilet sink to | | | | well as bathrooms, can be separate when a tank and |
| be a night vase from the porcelain, given to noble | | | | a toilet sink are mounted separately, and combined, |
| people in France or a usual stool with the hole in it, | | | | being the monoblock. Monoblocks are easier to |
| used for the same purposes in Germany. But a | | | | mount and lower on height (if the economy of a |
| traditional toilet sink, as a bowl with a flash tank, was | | | | place is important), but is considerably more |
| invented by the Englishman Thomas Crapper. | | | | expensive than the isolated models. |
| American "crapper" that means a toilet came from | | | | A characteristic of a flush tank can be its work in |
| the surname of its inventor. This businesslike | | | | one mode when all water flushes at once, and in two |
| Englishman, being first an ordinary sanitary technician | | | | modes, allowing flushing both all water at once, and |
| in Chelsea, lately created the company and in some | | | | half of it. Such tank has two flush buttons and |
| years supplied Buckingham and Windsor palaces with | | | | considerably saves water. The classical toilet sink was |
| water-dispensing and sanitary equipment. | | | | always mounted to the floor, but now there are |
| His system of metered and economic water flush in | | | | wall-mounted models. They are mounted together |
| the form of a tank ensured Crapper the place in the | | | | with a hidden tank, thus all system looks very light |
| history of sanitary engineering. Since the first sample | | | | and even elegant. |
| was created, a variety of sanitary equipment such as | | | | In sanitary equipment, as well as in furniture, the |
| toilet sinks, urinals, bidet and sinks of different types | | | | design of a model and its décor is an important |
| appeared on different continents and in different | | | | point. What could be changed in the form of a toilet |
| countries. And at first sight all of them look similar, | | | | sink? And nevertheless, there is a variety of styles in |
| irrespective of country of origin. | | | | sanitary ceramics such as classics, avant-garde, retro, |
| However national priorities nevertheless are | | | | and there also exist fashionable tendencies. A |
| noticeable: Scandinavians, for example, concentrated | | | | tendency to the maximal rotundity of forms, |
| on the improvement of water supply and flush | | | | smoothness of lines and a popularity of white color, |
| systems, Americans and Germans traditionally make | | | | as a symbol of cleanliness, are among them. |
| toilet bowls of big size, and production of Italians is | | | | National traditions of the country of origin also play a |
| distinguished by an original decor and moulding. | | | | certain role in creation of fashionable collections of |
| Japanese made of a toilet sink a mini-laboratory doing | | | | sanitary equipment. It is also true about small |
| analysis. | | | | details, creating the atmosphere of retro style |
| Toilet sinks became colorful, painted, gilt and | | | | such as various inscriptions, fixing details, chains. So, |
| decorated with moulding. However, still the majority | | | | on the porcelain handle of the flush tank reproducing |
| of buyers prefer traditional white color and classical | | | | one of the first Victorian Crapper’s toilet sinks |
| forms of sanitary equipment. All of the sanitary | | | | there is the following inscription: pull and go. |
| equipment is still made from porcelain and faience. To | | | | Examining the market of modern sanitary |
| distinguish one from another at first sight is often | | | | equipment and devices, we can only feel sorry for |
| difficult even for an expert because products are | | | | our ancestors, having to go out in frost and rain to |
| covered with color glazes or enamels. From the point | | | | get to the blown through hut or to bare night vases |
| of view of operational characteristics it is considered, | | | | with their content in a house till morning. |