| Pipe | | | | Copper compression can be used to connect plastic |
| Different plastics are available, including ABS. | | | | pipe to existing copper wastes. BSP screwed thread |
| polypropylene and uPVC. Support horizontal pipes | | | | can be used to connect pipe to a waste outlet in |
| about every 500mm. vertical pipes about every 12m. | | | | sinks and so on. Jointing paste must not be used on |
| Basin pipes connected to a single-stack system are | | | | screw threads, but PTFE tape can be used if |
| restricted to a maximum length of 3m unless special | | | | necessary. |
| precautions are taken (special automatic resealing | | | | WC connectors |
| traps or designing the system with separate | | | | The easiest joint to make to a WC is with a |
| ventilation pipes, for instance). | | | | plain-ended connector. This should be dry-jointed to |
| Flexible waste pipe is also available particularly useful | | | | the WC outlet, using a rubber gasket. Various |
| under sinks and basins. | | | | patterns of connector are available with different |
| Sockets | | | | angles and lengths of plain-ended spigot (depending |
| For joining lengths of plain ended pipe together. | | | | on the position of the WC pan and the soil pipe to |
| Available for all methods of joining. Some sockets | | | | be connected). For particularly awkward joints, a |
| have a plain end to take another connector instead | | | | Multi-kwik connector can be used - again, various |
| of a pipe. | | | | patterns are avail¬able, including one that will |
| Bends | | | | cope with slight displacements between the pan |
| For taking runs of 'horizontal' pipe around corners. 90 | | | | outlet and the soil pipe. |
| degree and 135-degree angle bends are most widely | | | | Traps |
| available. Waste pipes should slope (but often only | | | | P traps have a horizontal outlet; S-traps have a |
| slightly) towards the outlet - to connect these to | | | | vertical outlet. Trap inlets usually have BSP threads |
| vertical pipes, use 91-degree or 92-degree bends. | | | | for connecting directly to waste outlets. Shallow-seal |
| Some bends have a plain end and adjustable - | | | | traps can be used on wastes discharging into gullies |
| swivelling - bends are also available. | | | | or hopper heads; on single stack systems deep seal |
| Tees | | | | (75mm) traps should be used. Deep-seal traps take |
| Common angles are 90, 91, 92 and 135 degrees. | | | | up more room, and to install one beneath a bath you |
| Tees are usually swept in the direction of the flow | | | | may need to cut away the floorboards. Bottle traps |
| (the tees should be fitted so that the direction of | | | | are neater than tubular ones and may be easier to |
| the bend from the branch into the main pipe is the | | | | use in tight spaces instead of a deep-seal trap -they |
| same as the direction of the flow of water). Avoid | | | | should not be used on waste disposers. Bath traps |
| using tees for joining two waste pipes that then run | | | | often come complete with over¬flow system |
| to a single-stack system wastes should be connected | | | | attached. Washing machine traps have an inlet at the |
| individually to the stack. | | | | side for taking a washing machine outlet hose - the |
| Connectors | | | | trap replaces the sink trap. In some situations, |
| Various types are available for connecting pipe to | | | | automatic resealing traps may be necessary - for |
| different fittings. Reducers can be used for joining | | | | example, for extra-long basin wastes connected to |
| 32mm or 40mm pipe to 40mm or 50mm pipe. | | | | single-stack systems. |